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This study has examined the position of Lexmond trading in relation to carbon dioxide CO lexmond trading emission in readiness for emission trading as proposed in the Kyoto protocol as a measure of reducing Global warming.
It was discovered that Nigeria emits only 0. Fifty countries were selected for the analysis and some possible correlates of CO 2 were considered. Based on this, a very low economic activity is being experienced in the country.
In recent years, the effects of Global warming have adversely affected both the environment lexmond trading the human beings inhabiting the environment. Burnett and Krewski in their study of air lexmond trading effect on hospital admission rate came up with the fact that the admission rates are highly related to ozone levels Climate change.
The effect of Global warming has virtually touched all aspects of life including Agriculture. The effect on Agriculture was experienced during the global food crises witnessed in The question is, is Nigeria part of this problem, otherwise what is her position on this topical issue? It was discovered lexmond trading the most important green house gas GHG is CO 2 and it is the most abundant in the atmosphere ppmvit has lexmond trading high lexmond trading power and is easily lexmond trading by human activities, essentially by the burning of fossil fuels and wood.
CO 2 is the greenhouse gas of reference and the other gases are stated in units of CO 2. The lexmond trading concentration of methane CH 4 is relatively lexmond trading 1. CH 4 is emitted mainly from rice cultivation, ruminant digestive processes, anaerobic management of solid waste and biomass burning. Nitrogen dioxide N 2 O has different emission sources. It is generated by microbial activity in water, soil and oceans during the degradation of nitrated organic matterMackenzie recognizes an increasing amount of N 2 O lexmond trading due to microbial transformation lexmond trading the nitrogen contained in wastewater IPCC, The objective of the study is to estimate the quantity of carbon dioxide CO 2 emission in Nigeria in readiness for emission trading, which is the measure adopted by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce global warming.
Literature has revealed that Carbon lexmond trading CO 2 emission is the major contributor of Global Warming. This CO 2 emission emanates from a lot of economic activities which comprise lexmond trading Industrial lexmond trading Agricultural activities that lexmond trading on globally.
Moreover, energy consumption is bound to increase for the continuous economic development of a country that has an Industrial formation requiring high-energy demand. Michael considered carbon dioxide emissions and global GDP.
He examined per capita income and CO 2 emission of countries across 21 years; it lexmond trading that as per capita incomes accelerate across countries emissions increase. Although some parts tend to decelerate, this could be attributed to the fact that high income level leads to increase in demand for environmental protection. Only emissions reduction proposals that assures income will not be adversely affected particularly those of less developed countries will have lexmond trading possibility of successful implementation.
Figure 1 shows the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere for a certain lexmond trading. There, industrialized nations agreed to reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5. The protocol was endorsed by countries. Significantly, the global cut of 5. Included in the protocol is the provision for emission reduction trading among developed countries. For this to be possible, countries need to know their level of emission to in readiness for this emission trading. Also if we normalize the data in Table 1 since they are not of the same units, using the formula:.
From the normalized data above, the first 8 Countries have negative values of CO 2 emission, this shows that they are emitting more than the average. The correlation analysis of the normalized data is as follows:. The result of the correlation analysis of Table 4 which was obtained from the normalized data above is the same with that obtained from the lexmond trading data result of Table 2.
The correlation between CO 2 emission and other possible correlates carried out indicates that there is a strong correlation between CO 2 emission Gross domestic product, GDP, Industrial Output, Energy Consumption lexmond trading manufacturing lexmond trading. Furthermore, it can also be seen that there is a positive correlation among the possible correlates lexmond trading CO 2 emission.
There is also a lexmond trading correlation between Industrial output X 3Energy consumption X 5 and manufacturing output X 6with the values 0. Finally, there is a correlation between Energy Consumption X 5 and manufacturing output X 6 with the value 0. Meanwhile, there is a negative, correlation between Export output and CO 2 emission, also between Export and other possible correlates of CO 2 emission. The reason is understandable and could be attributed to the fact that what is being exported may be raw materials or goods or items that may not be emitting CO 2.
Provided that there exists a positive relationship among X 2X 3X 5 and X 6apart from their relationship with X 1. For the various countries of the world the estimate of CO 2 emission Y can be estimated from the possible correlates of CO 2 emission g, such that.
Lexmond trading, we can use Eq. The proportion of the total variance explained by the K th principal Component is given by. It follows that the proportion of the total variance explained by the first principal component will be:. Therefore, summing up will yield But still the first and second Principal components have yielded up to The first principal component explains Consequently, variation is summarized very well by two principal Components and a reduction in the data will be from 50 Countries observations on six variables possible correlated of CO 2 to 50 Countries observations on two principal components possible correlated of CO 2.
The eigen values that were used for isolation are CO 2 emission and Lexmond trading domestic product. These factors accounts largely for Global warming. Although Nigeria does not belong to developed countries and thus not required to take any abatement action for now, the measures adopted by the international community will not only have a serious effect for Nigeria in terms of economy, but also the fact that poor regions, particularly, Africa, appear at greatest risk from the projected effect of global warming.
For Nigeria in particular, the economy is largely dependent on oil produce as discovered from the literature and general awareness, therefore to reduce emission means to reduce oil production which is the back bone of their economy.
From all indications if the measures proposed by the United Nations to check emission Global warming come to hold developing countries like Nigeria who depends solely on oil for their economic growth will lexmond trading adversely affected. CO 2 emission was decomposed into emission coefficient, vehicle fuel intensity, vehicle ownership, population intensity and economic growth.
This is a clear indication that CO 2 emission could be used to asses the economic statues of a country. One cannot comfortably advocate for reduction in GDP so as to reduce CO 2 emission instead an alternative measure of reducing CO 2 emission without necessary affecting GDP should be considered. Furthermore, the study by Lu et al. It will not be realistic to advise reduction in vehicle ownership, since it is clear that people that have not owned a car will aspire to have at least one and a family that is managing one would want to increase the number to at least two for more comfort.
We should rather advocate for clean development Mechanism which has already started in some part of Europe though not too common.
Also one cannot say that since rapid growth of economy leads to increase in CO 2 emission that countries should reduce the activities that increases the growth of their economy but to adopt an alternative lexmond trading of reducing Lexmond trading 2 emission while the growth of their economy continues to be on the increase.
From all indications any factor that triggers off Lexmond trading 2 emission contributes to global warming. Also, it was found out that CO 2 emission in Nigeria is low which implies that Nigeria can enter into trading with most lexmond trading countries that are emitting more CO 2 than required, to maintain atmospheric balance.
This does not mean that Nigeria should relax because lexmond trading is not emitting even enough rather she should look for ways of improving her economic growth by improving on industries, going back to the era of Coal production to reduce much concentration on oil, encouraging Agricultural activities that lexmond trading be using up the CO 2 being emitted as a result of the industrial activities going on and some other areas that can boost her economic activities. Similar Articles in this Journal.
Search in Google Scholar. How to cite this article: August 21, ; Accepted: October 24, ; Published: The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere due to emission. Analysis of CO 2 emission with respect to possible correlates of CO 2 using the correlation matrix.
Analysis of normalized CO 2 emission data with respect to their possible correlates. This will ensure that the global shift away from fossil fuel energy sources will not create any significant negative impact on the economy in the future. Nigeria needs to act fast in this regard. Increase government participation is crucial in the global climate change deliberation.
Nigeria can only be sure that its interest is protected in the emergent global abatement strategy if it increases its lexmond trading of participation. Further studies should explore the quota given to Nigeria lexmond trading as to know the space they will sell or trade upon. Further studies should look into other gases that have the same effect as CO 2 in the atmosphere vis-a-vis global warming.
Finally, as individuals, the choice we make contributes positively or negatively to global warming. Choosing modern technology can reduce our use of fossil fuels lexmond trading help protect the planet. Proper consideration should be accorded to landscape in our homes. We should plant trees and protect the forest in order to boost the oxygen content in atmosphere, buy energy saving electronic and appliances, replace incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs.
Furthermore, saving energy at home is positive to the environment and also reduces the domestic spending cost. Air pollution effect on hospital admission rates. A random effect modeling approach. List of countries by carbon dioxide emission. Carbon dioxide flux as affected by tillage and irrigation in lexmond trading converted from perennial forages to annual crops. Potential of controlled lexmond trading wastewater treatment in order to reduce lexmond trading global emissions of the greenhouse methane and lexmond trading dioxide.
Decomposition and decoupling the effects of Carbon dioxide emission from highway transportation in Taiwan, Germany, Japan and South Korea. Carbon dioxide emission and global GDP. Environmental and economic assessment of the chemical absorption process in Korea using the LEAP model. List of countries by their GDP. The Guardian Newspaper, Nigeria and global food crises.
