Experimenting with gases and liquid nitrogen

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Did any of you guess what was going on in Chemical Mystery 4: The Case of the Misbehaving Balloon? In this experiment, several balloons were placed in liquid nitrogen. Most of these balloons shrunk tremendously — to almost zero volume — when cooled in liquid nitrogen 77 K. However, one balloon seemed to resist shrinking when cooled to this temperature. In this demonstration, all balloons are filled with air except for one, which is filled with helium. The trick is to not fill the helium balloon too full, otherwise it will float in air.

Placing the non-floating, helium-filled balloon side by side on the desktop with air-filled balloons disguises the fact that it is filled with helium.

The air filled balloons contract substantially when placed in liquid nitrogen. Why the difference in the shrinking behavior? The air balloons were filled by blowing them up with exhaled breath. Therefore, these balloons contain liquid nitrogen helium balloon pump nitrogen and oxygen gases, with a bit of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. None of these substances behave like ideal gases at 77 K: Both water and CO 2 are solids at this temperature, oxygen is a liquid liquid nitrogen helium balloon pump this temperature, and nitrogen is right at its condensation point.

Thus, the intermolecular forces between molecules in air are strong at 77 K. As a result, we would expect air to occupy much less volume at 77 K than what would be predicted if air liquid nitrogen helium balloon pump behaved ideally at this temperature.

When I conduct this experiment, it appears as though an air balloon contracts to almost zero volume! On the other hand, helium gas particles cooled to 77 K display very little attraction for one another. This makes sense, since helium does not liquefy until cooled to 4 K 1. Because of this, helium gas behaves ideally when placed in liquid nitrogen. Thus, a helium filled balloon does not shrink to zero volume when placed in liquid nitrogen.

If you give this experiment a try, let me know how it goes. What do you think might happen if you cool balloons filled with other gases carbon dioxide, for example in liquid nitrogen? Can you get your students to predict what gases will behave ideally at 77 K? Be sure to share the results of your experiments with us! Also, if you have any comments or see any mistakes in my analysis of this experiment, please be sure to liquid nitrogen helium balloon pump me know.

I'd enjoy the opportunity to learn more about this experiment. Skip to main content. The Case of the Misbehaving Balloon.

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