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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregation website for film and television. The company was launched in August by three undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley: Senh Duong, Patrick Y. Lee and Stephen Wang. Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12, , as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. The website was an immediate success, receiving mentions by Netscape , Yahoo! Lee and Stephen Wang, his former partners at the Berkeley, California -based web design firm Design Reactor , to pursue Rotten Tomatoes on a full-time basis.
They officially launched it on April 1, Rotten Tomatoes is a top site, placing around globally and top for the US only, according to website ranker Alexa. Rotten Tomatoes staff first collect online reviews from writers who are certified members of various writing guilds or film critic-associations.
To be accepted as a critic on the website, a critic's original reviews must garner a specific number of "likes" from users. Those classified as "Top Critics" generally write for major newspapers. The staff determine for each review whether it is positive "fresh", marked by a small icon of a red tomato or negative "rotten", marked by a small icon of a green splattered tomato. Staff assessment is needed as some reviews assign a qualitative assessment rather than a numeric rating.
The website keeps track of all of the reviews counted for each film and the percentage of positive reviews is calculated. Major, recently released films can attract up to reviews. An average score on a 0 to 10 scale is also calculated. With each review, a short excerpt of the review is quoted that also serves a hyperlink to the complete review essay for anyone interested to read the critic's full thoughts on the subject. Their opinions are also included in the general rating. When there are sufficient reviews, the staff creates and posts a consensus statement to express the general reasons for the collective opinion of the film.
This rating is indicated by an equivalent icon at the film listing, to give the reader a one-glance look at the general critical opinion about the work. The "Certified Fresh" seal is reserved for movies that satisfy two criteria: In the year , Rotten Tomatoes announced the RT Awards honoring the best-reviewed films of the year according to the website's rating system.
The films are divided into wide release and limited release categories. Limited releases are defined as opening in or less theaters at initial release. Platform releases, movies initially released under theaters but later receiving wider distribution, fall under this definition. Any film opening in more than theaters is considered wide release.
The "User"-category represents the highest rated film among users, and the "Mouldy"-award represents the worst-reviewed films of the year. A movie must have 40 originally 20 or more rated reviews to be considered for domestic categories. It must have or more user ratings to be considered for the "User"-category. Films are further classified based on film genre. Each movie is eligible in only one genre, aside from non-English films, which can be included in both their genre and the respective "Foreign" category.
Once a film is considered eligible, its "votes" are counted. Each critic from the website's list gets one vote as determined by their review , all weighted equally. Because reviews are continually added, manually and otherwise, a cutoff date at which new reviews are not counted toward the Golden Tomato awards is initiated each year, usually the first of the new year.
Reviews without ratings are not counted toward the results of the Golden Tomato Awards. Each movie features a brief summary of the reviews used in that entry's Tomatometer aggregate score. These are written by Jeff Giles, a longtime author for the site. Each movie features a "user average", which calculates the percentage of registered users who have rated the film positively on a 5-star scale, similar to calculation of recognized critics' reviews.
Localized versions of the site available in the United Kingdom , India , and Australia were discontinued following the acquisition of Rotten Tomatoes by Fandango. The Mexican version of the site Tomatazos remains active. The Rotten Tomatoes API Application Program Interface provides limited access to critic and audience ratings and reviews, allowing developers to incorporate Rotten Tomatoes data on other websites. The free service is intended for use in the US only; permission is required for use elsewhere.
Major Hollywood studios have grown to see Rotten Tomatoes as a threat to their marketing. In several blockbuster films like Pirates of the Caribbean: As result of this concern, 20th Century Fox commissioned a study, titled "Rotten Tomatoes and Box Office", that stated the website combined with social media was going to be an increasingly serious complication for the film business: Many Millennials and even Gen X-ers now vet every single purchase through the Internet, whether it's restaurants, video games, make-up, consumer electronics or movies.
As they get older and comprise an even larger share of total moviegoers, this behavior is unlikely to change". The scores have reached a level of online ubiquity which film companies have found threatening.
For instance, the scores are regularly posted in Google search results for films so reviewed. Furthermore, the scores are prominently featured in Fandango's popular ticket purchasing website and its mobile app, Flixster.
This led to complaints that the scores, especially "rotten" ones, are prone to affect the purchasing decisions of the public, as in saying in so many words: Some studios have suggested embargoing or cancelling early critic screenings in a response to poor reviews prior to a film's release affecting pre-sales and opening weekend numbers.
Josh Greenstein, Sony Pictures president of worldwide marketing and distribution, said: I don't think there is one". That marketing tactic can backfire, and has drawn the vocal disgust of influential critics such as Roger Ebert , who was prone to derisively condemn such moves, with gestures such as "The Wagging Finger of Shame", on At the Movies. They pay attention to the TV spots. But Rotten Tomatoes is like the truth serum on the entire [promotional] campaign: In January , on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the New York Film Critics Circle , its chairman Armond White cited Rotten Tomatoes in particular and film review aggregators in general as examples of how "the Internet takes revenge on individual expression".
By contrast, others have noted that filmmakers have only themselves to blame if film critics dismiss their films, causing Rotten Tomatoes to give their product a bad score. As one independent film distributor marketing executive noted, "To me, it's a ridiculous argument that Rotten Tomatoes is the problem ComScore 's Paul Dergarabedian had similar comments, saying: Some critics viewed the move as a ploy to promote the web series, but some argued that the move was a deliberate conflict of interest on account of Warner Bros.
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January Learn how and when to remove this template message. Positive and negative audience score icons. Internet portal Film portal.
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The Rotten Tomatoes Show. Retrieved September 17, Retrieved November 25, Retrieved March 6, Retrieved November 26, Retrieved November 28, Retrieved June 3, Retrieved April 21, The New York Times.
The New York Times Company. Retrieved September 9, Retrieved June 14, Retrieved July 20, Retrieved October 29, Retrieved October 5, Retrieved June 2, Cinepapaya Flixster Movieclips Movies. Retrieved from " https: Film review websites Recommender systems Online film databases Internet properties established in Articles needing additional references from January All articles needing additional references Use mdy dates from March Pages using deprecated image syntax Articles containing potentially dated statements from February All articles containing potentially dated statements All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May Articles with unsourced statements from May Articles with unsourced statements from January Articles with unsourced statements from October Articles with unsourced statements from December Articles with unsourced statements from March