Bitgood family quotes
18 comments
Exmon exchange 2010 dag
Keystone is based on LLVM , but it goes much further with a lot more to offer. Find in this Blackhat USA slides more technical details behind our assembler engine. We are very excited to release Keypatch 2. A quick tutorial for Keypatch is available. This short tutorial shows how the Keystone API works. There are more APIs than those used here, but this is all we need to get started. The following sample code presents how to compile bit assembly instructions of X86 in C language. Readers can get this sample code in a zip file here.
Compile and run it as follows. The C sample is intuitive, but just in case, readers can find below the explanation for each line of test1. Assembly string we want to compile. The code in this sample is X86 32bit, in Intel format. This handle will be used for every API of Keystone. This variable will be used to verify the result returned from all the API.
Declare a variable to contain number of statements this program will compile line Declare encode , a pointer variable of the type unsigned char , which points to an array containing the encoding of compiled instructions.
Declare size , a variable to contain the size in bytes of encode variable. This API accepts 3 arguments: In this sample, we want to assemble bit code for X86 architecture. In return, we have the handle updated in variable ks. The 3rd argument is the address of the first instruction, which can be ignored in some architectures such as X In return, this API gives back a dynamically allocated memory in the next argument encode , as well as its size in size.
Keystone also lets us know how many statements in the input assembly was handled during this process, thus give us a hint where it stops in case the input has error. Print out instruction encoding of the input assembly returned in the memory array kept in encode variable.
By default, Keystone accepts X86 assembly in Intel syntax. The following code presents the same example as above, but in Python, to compile bit assembly code of X Readers can get this sample code here.
Run it with Python as follows. This Python sample is intuitive, but just in case, readers can find below the explanation for each line of test1. Initialize Keystone with class Ks. This class accepts 2 arguments: This sample deals with bit code for X86 architecture. In return, we have a variable of this class in ks. Compile assembly instruction using method asm.
In return, we have a list of encoding bytes, and number of input statements that Keystone handled during compilation process, which gives us a hint where it stops in case the input has error.
Keypatch is now available at http: IDA Pro is the de-facto binary analysis tool widely used in the security community.
While browsing the assembly code in IDA, we may want to modify the original code to change the behavior of the executable file. Unfortunately, there was no solution for all the above problems of IDA assembler.
We decided to accept the challange, and build a new assembler plugin for IDA named Keypatch to solve all the existing issues. Keypatch leverages the power of Keystone assembler engine , so it can support 8 CPUs: On each architecture, Keystone is able to handle the latest CPU instruction sets. Our GUI makes it much easier to see what you would do: To summary, Keypatch has everything to replace the internal IDA assembler because it can do more, and do better.
We believe that this little IDA plugin will be indispensible in your toolset of reverse engineering. We are thrilling to announce a stable release, version 0. All users of Keystone are encouraged to upgrade to v0. Keystone is now available on PyPi in keystone-engine package. This package includes the core, Cmake is required to build the shared library. Then Python users can easily install Keystone with:.
We would like show our gratitude to all the Indiegogo supporters , who financially contributed to the development of Keystone. Without the invaluable helps of community, our project would not have gone this far! Keystone aims to lay the ground for innovative works.
Let the fun begin! We are very excited to announce that we already released Keystone source code to some early adopters! Together, we will work hard to find and clean as many bugs as possible before making it public later. Believe us, the code are in good hands right now: This post is to tribute to all of 99 Indiegogo contributors, who helped us to achieve Keystone fundraising goal , thus effectively made this project possible!
Especially, we would like to express our deep gratitude to 4 project sponsors , who made big contributions to our project! Thanks a lot to all the awesome 99 backers, you are the motivation and the very reason why Keystone sees the light of day, and will become available to public soon! We are still collecting requests on T-shirt at the moment. We will order T-shirt printing after that, then post to all the backers from level and up.
We hope to start shipping from next week. We are cleaning up code and fixing some issues. All the backers from level and up will get the source code in about 2 weeks. If we can fix all the major issues, the first release of Keystone to pubic will be out in May or June. Thanks a lot to everybody who believed in this project and supported us, you are awesome! If we only compile simple instructions, we will be fine as we are.
But if the code has directives , macros , comments and so on, then the assembly syntax matters because each assembler has different way to express their languages. We think the option of freely choosing the assembly syntax is important. Please help to spread the news of this stretch goal, and do back us so we will finally have a nice assembler with full feature when Keystone is released! We are very excited to launch the crowd-funding campaign for Keystone assembler engine on IndieGogo!
A multi-architecture, multi-platform open source assembler framework is a missing piece in a chain of fundamental engines for reverse engineering.
Keystone involves a lot of hardwork, however. Therefore, we hope to have community support via this IndieGogo campaign, so we can push this to the end goal, and all of us can finally have a nice asseembler engine!
Get behind Keystone project, so together we can solve the problem of missing an assembler framework once, and for all: All the perks from IndieGogo still apply.
Keystone now has a mailing list. Users are also encouraged to follow us on Twitter for important announcements. Keystone is a lightweight multi-platform, multi-architecture assembler framework. New features provided by this version includes: This will be helpful for exploitation writers.
Tutorial for C language The following sample code presents how to compile bit assembly instructions of X86 in C language. Include header file keystone.
Tutorial for Python language The following code presents the same example as above, but in Python, to compile bit assembly code of X Import Keystone module before using it. Print out the instruction encoding and number of assembly statements processed.
Following are the new features provided by this version. NOP padding also works when new instruction is longer than original instruction. However, this built-in assembler suffers from several significant issues, as follows. Except X86, it does not support any other architectures. We anticipated that IDA assembler misses all the latest X86 instructions such as those from SGX extension , but actually it also fails on many not-so-modern X86 instructions.
X86 assembler seems quite buggy, with many minor issues here and there. If the new patched code is shorter than the original code, the orphan bytes after the new code are kept intact, which is mostly undesired. Unfortunately, IDA does not do clear the orphan code. IDA assembler does not log any changes, making it hard to track what and where code were modified. We would have to keep note on what we patched, which is cumbersome. Keypatch Unfortunately, there was no solution for all the above problems of IDA assembler.
Our tool offers some nice features as follows.