Bitcoin calculator war
Prices can be changed to values of your choice. Select the Unit of Measure Weight Type: Enter total weight of the silver item: Total Weight in Troy Ounces: Select silver purity from list or enter percent: Choose fiat currency to use as base: Silver Price per Troy Ounce in:. Resultant values will be rounded to two or more decimal places depending on length. Calculator only figures the total bitcoin value and total weight of the silver portion of your items.
You might also like to try one of these other calculators: Now remember the properties of a cryptographic hash function?
If an input changes even in the slightest, the entire output changes. Since the hash of the coinbase transaction at the base of the hash tree is different for each miner, the entire hash tree including the Merkle root will be different for each miner. That means the nonce that is needed to produce a valid block will also be different for each miner.
This is the reason why the Merkle tree is employed after all. Any change to a single transaction will cause an avalanche up the hash tree that will ultimately cause the hash of the block to change. If an attacker wants to alter or remove a transaction that is already in the block chain, the alteration will cause the hash of the transaction to change and spark off changes all the way up the hash tree to the Merkle Root. Given the probabilities, it is unlikely a header with the new Merkle Root will produce a valid hash the proof of work.
Hence, the attacker will need to rehash the entire block header and spend a ton of time finding the correct nonce. But suppose he does this, can he just relay his fraudulent block to the network and hope that miners will replace the old block with his new one or, more realistically, that new users will download his fraudulent block? The reason is because the hash of each block is included in the header of the next block.
If the attacker rehashes block number , this will cause the header of block to change, requiring that block to be rehashed as well. A change to the hash of block will cause the header of block to change and so on all the way through the block chain. Any attempt to alter a transaction already in the block chain requires not only the rehashing of the block containing the transaction, but all other subsequent blocks as well.
Depending on how deep in the chain the transaction is, it could take a single attacker weeks, months, or years, to rehash the rest of the block chain. The only exception to the above rule is if the attacker simply gets lucky. As we noted, it takes the entire network an average of 10 minutes to find a valid block. The deeper a transaction is in the block chain, however, the more times in row the attacker would need to get lucky and mine a block before the rest of the network to extend his chain longer than the main chain.
From a probability standpoint, the chances of such an attack succeeding decrease exponentially with each subsequent block. In the original white paper Satoshi Nakamoto calculated the probabilities that an attacker could get lucky and pull off a double spend.
In the following table q is the percentage of the network controlled by the attacker, P is the probability an attacker could get lucky and override z number of blocks. Which is usually why it is recommended that if you are selling something expensive, you should wait until your transaction is six blocks deep six confirmations in Bitcoin lingo before actually handing over the merchandise.
This post got long in a hurry. Hope you enjoyed these posts and I hope you learned something. I found your post comments while searching Google. It is very relevant information. Regularly I do not make posts on blogs, but I have to say that this posting really forced me to do so. Really fantastic and I will be coming back for more information at your site and revisit it! I still have one question though: Smart Contracts Great Wall of Numbers. Part 2 — Mechanics … Bitcoin.
For the hash chaining, does it mean if somebody get one valid hash, I need to update and download it and re-calculate based on his block? Or can I make a new branch based on previous block? Bitcoin Online resources collected The Bitcoin Journey How Cryptocurrencies Work Bitcoin Getter.
Bitcoin has seen rapid increases during the last year and there are now those who are claiming that the bubble is soon to burst and Bitcoin crumble.
Those of us continue believe in the idea of a user owned system away from the reach of the banks. We do not believe that the currency is finished. We shall be staying with Bitcoin and I am quite confident that it will continue to rise more rapidly than before.
Bitcoin Frenzy — Is it the next gold or just a bubble? How Cryptocurrencies Work - Cryptocurrency How Cryptocurrencies Work — Bitcoin Support. Thanks for a great article. How then does the miner broadcast that to the rest of the network to get consensus on the work if his nonce is unique from what another miner would have theoretically found? Cryptocurrency trading is becoming a profession — The Glimpse. How Cryptocurrencies Work — Bitcoin Supports.
You are commenting using your WordPress. You are commenting using your Twitter account. You are commenting using your Facebook account. Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. Cryptographic Hash Functions Before moving forward we should take a moment to learn about hash functions since they are used all throughout the Bitcoin protocol.
It should be very easy to compute an output for any given input, however it should be impossible given current knowledge of mathematics and the state of computers to compute the input for a given output even while knowing the mathematical algorithm. In this case there are many possible inputs that could add up to 10 55, , , etc. However, given the simplicity of our function one could still figure out the input relatively easily.
Some cryptographic hash functions, on the other hand, are said to be unbreakable by even quantum computers. Unlike our example, each potential output should map to only one input.
If a two different inputs can produce the same output this is called a hash collision. Good cryptographic hash algorithms are resistant to such collisions. A hash function should be able to take inputs of variable size and turn them into outputs of a fixed size. Merkle Trees Now that we have the preliminaries out of the way we can start focusing in on the protocol. The raw transaction data may look something like this: The block header will look something like this: Hash Chaining The hash of each block is included in the header of the next block as such: Six Confirmations The only exception to the above rule is if the attacker simply gets lucky.
Zamri January 7, at 7: